N-400: U.S. citizenship through naturalization

What is the N-400 application?

The N-400 form is the official application for individuals seeking U.S. citizenship through naturalization. This form is for lawful permanent residents (green card holders) who meet the eligibility requirements to become U.S. citizens. By becoming a U.S. citizen, you gain the right to vote, obtain a U.S. passport, and access additional legal protections and opportunities.

Who is eligible to apply for naturalization in the U.S.?

You’ve held a green card for at least 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen).
You’re 18 years of age or older.
You’ve lived continuously in the U.S. for the required time.
You want to gain the full benefits of U.S. citizenship, including the right to vote, obtain a U.S. passport, and sponsor family members for immigration.

Eligibility Requirements for N-400

Age Requirement

Be at least 18 years old at the time of filing.

Lawful Permanent Resident Status

You must have held green card status for at least 5 years, or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen.

Continuous Residence

Maintain continuous residence in the U.S. for at least 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen).

Physical Presence Requirement

You must have physically lived in the U.S. for at least 30 months out of the 5 years, or 18 months out of 3 years if applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen.

Good Moral Character

Show good moral character, which means adhering to U.S. laws and avoiding serious criminal convictions during the eligibility period.

English Language and Civics Knowledge

Demonstrate basic proficiency in English and pass a civics test on U.S. history and government (exceptions available based on age and time as an LPR).

Steps to Apply for U.S. Citizenship (N-400)

1. Submit Form N-400:

Complete and submit the N-400 application form, either online or by mail, including all required documents and filing fees. You can submit this through the USCIS N-400 portal.

2. Biometrics Appointment:

Once your application is received, USCIS will schedule a biometrics appointment where you will provide fingerprints, photos, and signatures for background checks.

3. Naturalization Interview:

You will attend an interview at a USCIS office. During this interview, a USCIS officer will ask questions about your application and test your knowledge of U.S. civics and English language skills.

4. Civics and English Tests:

During the interview, you will take tests to demonstrate knowledge of U.S. history, government, and basic English skills. There are study materials available on the USCIS civics test page.

5. Receive a Decision:

After the interview, you will receive one of the following decisions:

Granted: Your application is approved, and you’ll move to the next step.
Continued: More information or documents are needed.
Denied: If you fail to meet the requirements.

6. Take the Oath of Allegiance:

After approval, you’ll be scheduled for a naturalization ceremony where you will take the Oath of Allegiance, officially becoming a U.S. citizen.

N-400: U.S. citizenship through naturalization

What is the N-400 application?

Who is eligible to apply for naturalization in the U.S.?

Eligibility Requirements for N-400

Age Requirement

Lawful Permanent Resident Status

Continuous Residence

Physical Presence Requirement

Good Moral Character

English Language and Civics Knowledge

Steps to Apply for U.S. Citizenship (N-400)

Benefits of applying for U.S. citizenship

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